 3 




3.  
3.1      
3.2    
3.2.1   
3.2.2   
3.2.3    
3.2.4  /  
3.2.5    
3.2.6  
3.2.7   
3.2.8    
3.2.9    
3.2.10  
3.2.11   
3.2.12   
3.2.13   
3.2.14   
3.2.15  
3.2.16    
3.2.17    
3.2.18   
3.2.19   
3.2.20    
3.2.21   
3.2.22  /   
3.2.23    
3.2.24    
3.2.25    
3.2.26   
3.2.27    
3.2.28    
3.2.30    
3.2.31    
3.2.32     
3.2.33    
3.2.34    
3.2.35   
3.2.36      
3.2.37   
3.2.38  
3.2.39   
3.2.40    
3.2.41   

3.  

    ""          .   
    .    ""    "F1".  
 "-4"  "-1"   " ".     ""  
 " ".   "-o ( 1-3-5)"     
""       .       ""  
"-1"  "-4".            . 
      ""  " ".    
             "". 
  ""       ""     ϡ  
       .

    ""     .      "" 
      ""      .     
  "" (  "")    ϡ    .   
   ""  ϡ       "  " 
          "".   ϡ  
   "F4" "-e ( 1-5)"  "-z ( 1-3-4-5)"  
      "   ".        
  " ("-4-5")"  "- ("-1-2")"     
 ""  "".    ߡ   ""   "".  
         ʡ  ""   "".

         ѡ          
"".

3.1      

     ""         .   
"-o ( 1-3-5)"    ""      . 
  ""   .

1.   (        ء  / 
  ).
2.   (  ʡ     ͡   ɡ 
  ʡ  ʡ  ʡ  ).
3.   (   ֡   ֡     
)
4.   (      )
5.   (   ʡ   /ݡ    
     ɡ     ѡ  
     ѡ   ɡ   ɡ    
    ɡ           
   ˡ  ɡ      ).

           "  ("-3-4-5"  
"F3-F4")"    ("-1-2-6"  "F1-F2")".      
       .       
   "".     ""   "-1"  "-
4".          ""  " "   .

3.2    

            ""  ѡ     
     .         ɺ ߡ 
             ѡ 
               
.          ѡ      
        .   "-1"  "-
4"         .   "  ("-1-2-
6")"  "  ("-3-4-5")         
     . 

3.2.1   

        ""  " ".       
   "".    ""   "b ( 1-2)". 
          "  -F3"  
      ա     "".    
ϡ     ""  .     " ("-
4-5")  "- ("-1-2")   ""    "".  
      " ("-4-5")"  "- ("-1-2")" 
   ""      "".       
  "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.2   

           .    "c ( 1-
4)".      " ".        
  ""   ""      ""  "" 
.        ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
 "".            " ("-4-5")  
"- ("-1-2")    ""      "".  
       "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-
5)".

      :
1. " 7-8"
2.  " 7-8"
3.  " 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8"
" 7-8"       " "   . " 1-
2-3-4-5-6-7-8"      " "     
   .       " 7-8".

3.2.3    

        -6-  -8-    . 
   "e ( 1-5)".  -8-   .    
 (-8-)    "".       
 "F1-  "        ա     
 "".    ϡ    ""  .   
    " ("-4-5")"   "- ("-1-2")" 
   ""    "".      ʡ  
  " ("-4-5")"   "- ("-1-2")    
""     "".         "-z 
( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)."

3.2.4  /  

              .   
 "g ( 1-2-4-5").      ѡ  ѡ  
.         "".    
"-g ( 1-2-4-5)"          
  "".    ϡ    ""  .  
     " ("-4-5")"   "- ("-1-2")" 
   ""    "".      ϡ  
  " ("-4-5")"   "- ("-1-2")    
""     "".        "-z 
( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)."

3.2.5    

           .       
     "".     ""  ""   
      "".    "m ( 1-3-4)."  
      "" ""  1  10 .   "3 
".  ""      " "    . 
          ""    
"".           .     
     .           
   .    ""         
 .        ""  .    
   " ("-4-5")"   "- ("-1-2")"  
  ""    "".      ϡ    
" ("-4-5")"   "- ("-1-2")    ""  
   "".         "-z ( 1-
3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)."

3.2.6  

             .    "v 
( 1-2-3-6)."            
  .     "".       
   " -F2"          
   "".    ϡ    ""  
.      " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2") 
   ""    "".        
     " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")   
 ""      "".         
"-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

       " 1-2"           
      .            
" 1-2"           ա   
    .

3.2.7   

               .   
 "P ( 1-2-3-4)".    "" "" " "  "". 
   ""            
.    ""      .    "" 
         .  " "   
      ء   ""       
  .         ""  .  
    " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")   
 ""    "".           
  " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")     
"".         "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-
e ( 1-5)".

3.2.8    

                    
.    "K ( 1-3)".     "    " 
"   " "   "  "".      
"   "            
  .     "   "      
    .     "   "    
     ǡ   .        
  "".         ""  .  
    " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")   
 ""    "".           
  " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")     
"".         "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-
e ( 1-5)".

3.2.9    

            " "      
   "-3"  "-6"        .  
   "u ( 1-3-6)".    "" "  "  
"".    "".          
   .     ""       
     .     "  "    
   " "   .         
"V"        "  v".
            "".      
   ""  .      " ("-4-5") 
 "- ("-1-2")    ""    "".   
         " ("-4-5")  "- ("-
1-2")     "".         "-z 
( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.10  

           .    "n ( 1-3-4-5)" 
  "".        ""    
"2007" " ".     ""   "2007"    
 "   ".      "".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.11   

          .    "l ( 1-2-
3)".    1  10   6.       1  
      .       10   
   .         1    
.  ""      " "    
     .        10   
          1.     
  1    .     10.    
       ""       " 
"  "F4"         " "  
 "F1".

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.12   

         .    "r ( 1-2-3-5)". 
   1  12   8.  ""     
 " "         .    
       ""       
""  "F4"         ""  
"F1".     12     ɡ    1.  
    1     ɡ    12.

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.13   

          .    "t ( 1-2-3-4-5)". 
    1  10   6.   10   
  .   1    .  ""   
   " "      .     
        10      ϡ 
   1.     1      ɡ 
   10.       ""     
  ""  "F4"        ""  
"F1".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.14   

                    
.    "s ( 2-3-4)"   "".   
()         .       
/.     ""         . 

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.15  

                        
.                
 .    "l ( 1-2-3)"   "".  
    "" ""  "  ".  "  " 
   .          "".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.16    

                  . 
  ""     ""  "".     
""               "" 
               
       .      -.

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.17    

    ǡ       .    "f ( 1-2-4)". 
    19       12  20.   
       ""        
" ".      20         
   12.     12         
 20 .

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.18   

                VGA.    
      .    "d ( 1-4-5)"  
 "".    VGA          
     .           
"".    ϡ    ""  .    
  " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    "" 
   "".            " 
("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".    
     "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.19   

                . 
   "p ( 1-2-3-4)".    "  ".   
        .      
     .         
"".

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

                    
        .

3.2.20    

             ɡ     
  .      "s ( 2-3-4)".    
    "".      "" (8.5   11 
)  "" (8.5   14 ).

                 ""  .    
  " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    "" 
   "".            " 
("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".    
     "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.21   

           .    "w ( 2-4-5-6)". 
              .    
   "".            
        .          
   ""    ""  .

      ϡ     ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.22  /   

         /     .   
 "s ( 2-3-4)".       "".    
             .
            /     
""    ""  .
              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.23    

                   
.       " " "  " "  
" "  "  "  ".
        " "   -    
  .         -     
        -      
.
        "  "   -   
           "-1"  "-4".
        "  "    -  
       .         
-              
  -             
       "-3"  "-6".
       "  "    -    
            "-2-3"  "-5-6".

       "  "    -   
             "-2-3-5"  
"-2-5-6".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.24    

                   
.       " " "  " "  
" "  " "  ".
        " "   -    
  .         -     
        -      
.
        "  "   -   
           "-1"  "-4".
        "  "    -   
      .         -
               
 -              
      "-3"  "-6".
       "  "    -    
             "-2-3"  "-5-
6".
       "  "    -   
             "-2-3-5"  
"-2-5-6".
           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.25    

                   
.    "e ( 1-5)"   "".    
     " "    .      
 /.     ѡ        
ɡ       " "    .    
     ""  .      " 
("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""    
"".            " ("-4-5")  
"- ("-1-2")     "".       
  "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.26   

             .   
 "i ( 2-4)"    "".    " "   
    "".

      ""           .  
  ""             " 
"  " ".           " "  
" ".

          ʡ         
 " ".
              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.27    

           ȡ      
"*( 1-6)          .

      "p ( 1-2-3-4)"   "".    
    "*( 1-6)"     .

         ""    "".     
           .

       ""  .      " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")"    ""    ("-4-5")" 
 "- ("-1-2")"    ""     "".  
       "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-
5)".

3.2.28    

                    
  ɡ     .       .  
  "h ( 1-2-5)"   " ".     " 
" " " "".          
"".       " "  " (o) -o"  
 " (o) -o".   " "  " (o) -o"   
" (o) -135".    ""       .

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.29     

                    
  .    "s ( 2-3-4)"   "".  
    " (f)  "  "f"   .     
      "  "       "  
 ".      "   "   
 "".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.30    

             .    "o 
( 1-2-3-4)".   ""      .  
""    "" "" "".          
     "".      ""     
 ""    1020  30  (      
 )             .    
     10 20 30 .         
""  .     " ("-4-5")  "- ("-
1-2")    ""    "".       
     " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    
 "".         "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  
"-e ( 1-5)".
             .     
  ""             
      "  ".

3.2.31    

               .   
 "k ( 1-3)"   " 10 ".       
                
 .  ""     ޡ 20   30 .

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.32     

    "  " (   )      
  .             . 
                   
.      "s ( 2-3-4)".       
    "".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.33    

              .    
"h ( 1-2-5)".      "".     "" 
 "".          "2.14   ".
   
           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".
          ""      ""   
    .               
        .

3.2.34    

                 .   
  "  "     ϡ     
  ա ... .      "c ( 1-4)".

           ""     .  
        ""    ""  
  "".    " (-4-5)"    ""   
 "".

       ""         .  
             "3.2.21".
              " (-4-5)"   
 ""    "".         
"-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.35   

                  
  .      "q ( 1-2-3-4-5)".    
   " "  " " ( (.brl     
.       .

       " " " "  " ".    
 " ".    ""     ɡ   
 ""    ( (-4-5)"    ""   
 ""     .

               " (-4-5)  
  ""    "".        
"-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".
         " "       " 
"  " "              
                 
 .

3.2.36      

   "    "             
   .           
      .        
.                . 
   ""         .
1)  "-o ( 1-3-5)"  .
2)  "T ( 2-3-4-5)"   "-4"   "   " 
   "".
3)    ""     .
4)    "".

3.2.37   
          ϡ       .   
   .    "p ( 1-2-3-4)"   "" 
" "  "".     "".    "" 
    ɡ    ""  .

       ""          ɡ  
10   20 .     " "       
          .      
""                  
  .

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

3.2.38  

                .    
 "b ( 1-2)".        "" ""  
  "".   "".          
         " --3-4-5-6" 
    "".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".

                  
.             .

3.2.39   

            .      
"w ( 2-4-5-6)".     ""  ""    
"".    "".           
        " -1-4-5-6"   
  "".

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".
                 
.            .

3.2.40    

                    ( 
  ).      "l ( 1-2-3)".     
""  ""    "".       
"".                
    " -1-5-6"     "".

           ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".
                   
 (  ).

3.2.41   

                   
     (PC)      .     
 "d ( 1-4-5)"   "".  ""     
/.            
         .

       ""            
ɡ                
    .          
 .

              ""  .     
 " ("-4-5")  "- ("-1-2")    ""  
  "".            " ("-4-
5")  "- ("-1-2")     "".      
   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"  "-e ( 1-5)".


