 16   



16.   
16.1     
16.2  
16.2.1   
16.2.2   ""
16.2.3   
16.2.4   
16.2.5.   ""
16.2.6.   
16.2.7.    
16.2.8.    
16.2.10    
16.3   
16.3.1    
16.3.2    
16.3.3    
16.3.4    
16.3.5  / 
16.3.6   
16.3.7   
16.3.8      
16.4     
16.4.1       
16.4.2     
16.4.3     
16.5     
16.5.1  
16.5.2   
16.5.3     

16.   

            ʡ  ()                / .

          :
(1)           " "   "".
(2)      "c ( 1-4)"   .       " "    "".

16.1     
     :
1)  (t).
2)   (g).
3)     (n).

                          .

       "-1"  "-4"      .       ""     .

16.2  

                  .        .
                         "  ".

     "".
1)      "c ( 1-4)"    " "  "-4"  "".      " ".
2)  "t ( 2-3-4-5)"    ""      "".

16.2.1   

 1) :     "".   .           .
       140     .       .
2) :        .     .
3) :     .
4) :   .      .
5) :      ߡ       .
6)  :      .
7)  :        ""  .       .      "RT".
8) :     .      ""    ""    .
9)  :              .    " " "".
               .          .
10)  :            .

16.2.2   ""

      ""    "".       ""    .           ""   .
        ""        .

16.2.2.1   

      " "    "".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

      " "  :

1)  :            "".
2)  :          "".
3)      :                  .   " ".
4) :            .   "  ".
5)   :            .   "  ".
6)   :            "".   "  ".                " ".    "  "       "  "   ""   "  "   " "             "  ".
7)  :    .
8) :       .

       "".

1)     " "       " ".      " "      .          .
2)  " ( F3   4-5)"      " ".            .        .
3)           ""      ""  "  "  .
4)            ""    "  ".
5)  "".      " "  " (-4-5)"   "".
6)           " ".         "   ".    " ".           "    "       ( ).

16.2.2.2   

   " "      ""        " ".     " "      "-g ( 1-2-4-5)"   ""   "      ""    .

        ""   "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"     ""      ""   .

16.2.3   

        " ".     10  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")      "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

    .

1)  :          .
   "  : " .
 : .      .

       "  : @    " .
  : @  .

     " "  "  : RT @   : " .
:RT:@:  !!.

       .
-    : -4.
-    : -1.
-       : -1-2-3.
-       : -4-5-6.
-    32 : -1-2-6.
-    32 : -3-4-5.

2)  :           .
    :
ɡ  1 2011 3:00 

3)  :          32 .          "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
4)  :      .   ""   "-r ( 1-2-3-5)"   ""  .
5)  :       .       "-t ( 2-3-4-5)"   ""  .
6)  :        .       "-y ( 1-3-4-5-6)"   ""  .
7)  :      .       "-d ( 1-4-5)"   ""  .            .            .
8)   :      .       "-e ( 1-5)"   ""  .  " "          .
9)    :        " ".       "-v ( 1-2-3-6)"   ""  .
10)  :         ,       ""   " "  " -i ( 2-4)".

16.2.4   

          .     " "      .       ǡ     .         .

16.2.4.1    

1)   :          .
      .    "  "  "-h ( 1-2-5)".     "-h ( 1-2-5)"     " "      .
2)   :        " ".
3)    "  "  "-f ( 1-2-4)".     "-f ( 1-2-4)"     "  "      .
4)   :         .
      "-u ( 1-3-6)".       "  "       .
         "-u ( 1-3-6)"      .             "".         .
5)    :      .    " -u ( 1-3-6)".           " -u ( 1-3-6)"      .
6)   :     .
      "-m ( 1-3-4)".   "  "  " "   " -m ( 1-3-4)"       .
7)    :         .
   " -b ( 1-2)".   "   "  " "   " -b ( 1-2)"       .
8)   :         .
   " -t ( 2-3-4-5)".   "  "  " "   " -t ( 2-3-4-5)"         .
9)    :           .
   " -o ( 1-3-5)".   "   "  " "   " -o ( 1-3-5)"         .
       " "        " "   "-4".         " ".

16.2.4.2.  

               .                 .         .
      ""     "-r ( 1-2-3-5)".    ""       ""   "".

16.2.4.3    

            32 ӡ         .           "".
           "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"     " "   ""  "".

16.2.5.   ""

16.2.5.1  

           "".    ""     "-t"         ""  ""    "".    ""     ""   .
     ""   4  .           "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) ʿ:      .
2) :           ": 0/140T".
3) :      .
4) :       .

        .
1)     ""    "ʿ"
2)      "".
3)          " ".

16.2.5.2   

                   .
        .
1)         .
2)  "-d ( 1-4-5)".     ""   ""  "".    ɡ      ""   " ".
3) "  "  ݿ "     ""   .          ""    ""    "".   "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)".       .
16.2.5.3   

                   .     .        .

        .
1)           .
2)  "-e (1-5)".          "    "     .

16.2.5.4   

               .    ""        .
         .      @          .

     .
1)     ""    "-t ( 2-3-4-5)"   .
2)      ""   "ʿ".
3)         @  " "   .

 1: @  .
 2: @ @       .
----
" 1"    " "  "".
" 2"    "      "  ""  "".
4)     "".
5)       "   ".

16.2.5.5  

                 .    .
       " "        "-y (1-3-4-5-6)      ""   ""    "".
          ""      "".

      ""         "".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) ʿ:     .      .
2) :     ɡ         ": 0/140T".
3) :   ѡ         "".
4) :   ѡ      .

        .
(1)                "-y ( 1-3-4-5-6)".
(2)     ""    "ʿ".
               .
ʿ @
1)        "".
2)        "   ".

16.2.5.6   

      2  .             .    .
    " "    ""    .
      "    "   3  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) :        .
2)  :          .  "-4"  "-1"      ""        .
3) :      "    "    .     "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)" .

       .
1)  : "-b ( 1-2)".
2)  : -a ( 1).
3) : -c ( 1-4)

16.2.5.7    

    "  "     " "    "".            " ".

          .
(1)           .
(2)  "-v ( 1-2-3-6)"    ""    "  "  "".     "  "      ""   .
(3)       ""        " ".

16.2.5.8   

           " "   "-l ( 1-2-3)"   " "      ""   .   " "   4           "" (F3  "-4-5")      "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :      ߡ     .
2)  :            32  .  "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
3) :        .     "-d ( 1-4-5)"      ""    .
4) :      " "    .     "F4"  "-e (1-5)".

16.2.6.   

16.2.6.1   

      .    " "  " -a ( 1)".       " "    "".
      " "  3  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)    :        .
2) :    .
3) :       .

        .
(1)     " "    "  ".
(2)             "".
(3)   " "    .
(4)       " "      .

16.2.6.2  

   ""   .
      ""  " -l ( 1-2-3)".    ""     ""   .
   ""   5  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) :    .
2)   :           .
3)  :            32  "".       "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
4)  :       . ( ).
5) :      ""     .     "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)".

16.2.6.3   

" "         " ".   " "    "".

     .
(1)  " -l ( 1-2-3)"  " ".   .
(2)   ""     "-4"  "-1".
(3)     "-d ( 1-4-5)".     " "   ""   "".
(4)   "  ݿ ".     ""       .

           ""  ""    "".   "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)"       .

16.2.6.4  

   ""      .
    ""     " -e ( 1-5)".         ""   "".
      ""  5  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").
1) :      .
2) :           .
3)  :             32  "".       "-n" ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
4)  :       .
5) :      ""    .    ""  "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)".

16.2.7.    

              .
           .       .     " "   .

16.2.7.1     

    "  "   " " (DM)   "".    " "   "-s ( 2-3-4)"     "  "      ""   .    "  "  6  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) :     ߡ        .
2)  :           32  .  "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
3) :      .
4) :           ": 0/140".
5) :   " "    .  "-s ( 2-3-4)"   ""   .
6) :     "  "    .     "F4"  "-e (1-5)".

    " ".
1)      "  "      ""  "-4"  "-1".
2)         ɡ    " "   "-n (1-3-4-5)"       .
3)     ""   "".
4)     "".
5)   "  "    .
6)   "  "      ͡   ""    "  ".

16.2.7.2    

         .
      " -r ( 1-2-3-5)"     "  "      ""   .
      "  "  4  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)   :     " "   .     " : ".
2)  :             32 .  "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""  .
3) :     " "   .       "-y ( 1-3-4-5-6)"   ""  .
4) : ѡ       "  "         .    "F4  -e ( 1-5)"

16.2.7.3    

   "  "     " "   .
      "  "  " -m ( 1-3-4)"     "  "     ""   .
      "  "  3  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)   :     " "     .  " "  "  : ".
2)  :           32 .  "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
3) :      "  "       .    "F4  -e ( 1-5)".

16.2.8.    

     ""            "".
      " "     .

16.2.8.1   

    " "          ""  .         " ".
      " "    "-f ( 1-2-4)"     " "    ""   .
           "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

      " "    "-f ( 1-2-4)"     " "     ""   .
           "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  ˿:               .
2)  :             20 .       "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""  .
3)  :       "  : -".    " "     .
4)  :         .    " "     .
5) :       .
6) :        " "         .      "F4" "-e (1-5)".

       .
(1)      " "    "  " .         .
(2)      ""       " ".
(3)     ͡          "-4"  "-1".
(4)  " -a ( 1)"        .

16.2.8.2   

    " "              .
       " "  " -f ( 1-2-4)"     " "      ""   ɡ      "  ".
      " "  5  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")    "-ȿ" ("-F3"  "-1-2")     .

1)  ˿:         .
2)  :            20 .   " "   "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"   ""   .
(3)  :       "  " ".    " "      .
4)  :         .    " "     .     " -a ( 1)"        .
5) :       .
6) :        " "         .      "F4" "-e (1-5)".

           " ".
(1)      " "    "  " .           .
(2)      ""       " ".
(3)     ͡    .         "   "        " ".
(4)              "-4"  "-1".
(5)  " -a ( 1)"        .

 167.2.8.3    "    "

    "    "             .
      "    "  " -w ( 2-4-5-6)"          ""   "    "  "".
      "    "  6  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" (-F3  "-1-2").
1)  :        .
2)  :               .
3)   :          .
4)   :       .
5)   :         .
6) :         "    "          .    "F4  -e ( 1-5)".

       "    " :
(1)      "    "  "-a".
(2)    "    ".
(3)       "".
(4)         " ".

                 .
(1)           "-4"  "-1".
(2)  "-d ( 1-4-5)".     "     "   ""  "".
(3)    "  ݿ "      ""  .          ""   ""    "".     "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)".      "     ".

16.2.9.   

16.2.9.1     

      " "      .
      " "  "-l ( 2-4)"    " "     ""      "".

             " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) .
2)  .
3)  .
4) .
5)  .
6)  .
7) .
8) .

       " "     ɡ -.       .
(1)     " "    ""   "".
(2)   ""            "" " " ""  ""  """.
(3)         "" " " "".        .
(4)     ""   "  ".   .
(5)        " "             "".

16.2.9.2     

   "   "           .    "   "  "-s ( 2-3-4)"  " "   ""  "   "      "".
      "   "  4  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :        .  : "    "  "   20110310".
2) :      "   ".
3) :         "   "   " "        .
(4)  :       .

          .

-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/ --1-3).
-   :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-            : .
-      :  .

         .
(1)  "-s ( 2-3-4)"  " ".    " ".
(2)         "".
(3)             "/ /".

16.2.10    

-  : -g ( 1-2-4-5).
-  : -I ( 2-4).
-    : -s ( 2-3-4).
-   : -h ( 1-2-5).
-   : -f ( 1-2-4).
-   : -u ( 1-3-6).
-    :  -u ( 1-3-6).
-   : -m ( 1-3-4).
-    :  -b ( 1-2).
-   :  -t ( 2-3-4-5).
-    :  -o ( 1-3-5).
- : -t ( 2-3-4-5).
-  : -d ( 1-4-5).
-  : -e ( 1-5).
- : -y ( 1-3-4-5-6).
-   : -v ( 1-2-3-6).
-  : -l ( 1-2-3).
-   : -s ( 2-3-4).
-   :  -m ( 1-3-4).
-   :  -r ( 1-2-3-5).
-  :  -a ( 1).
- :  -l ( 1-2-3).
- :  -e ( 1-5).
-  : -f ( 1-2-4).
-  :  -f ( 1-2-4).
-     :  -w ( 2-4-5-6).
-  : -n ( 1-3-4-5).
- : -r ( 1-2-3-5).
- : -z ( 1-3-5-6).

-    : -4.
-    : -1.
-       : -1-2-3.
-       : -4-5-6.
-    32 : -1-2-6.
-    32 : -3-4-5.
-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-            : .
-      :  .
16.3   

               ɡ  / .        .
                 .          .

       .
1)      "c ( 1-4)"    " "  "-4"  ""        " ".
2)  "g ( 1-2-4-5)"    " "   "".

16.3.1    
 
               .        (http://gmail.google.com)     .           .
               .
 
 16.3.1.1  

             " ".    " "  :
1)  :    .
2)  :    .
3) :    .
4)   :   .
5)   :    .
6)  :   .
7) :   .

         " ".        "" (F3  "-4-5")      "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").
1)  :          .
2)  :           .
3) :    .            .   "  "   ""     " ".
4)   :    .        .   "  "   ""     " ".
5)   :    .        .
    " "                     .          " "  "" "  "        "  "   .
6)  "        .
7) :         .

           :

1)          " "         " ".             .
2)         ""      " ".       .
3)       ""  ""    " "  ""  .
4)      "    "  .        "    ..."        .          "  .    "       " "   " ".

                  "()   XX/YY"  " ɡ ɡ XX/YY" . "YY"       "xx"          .         ""  "" .         " "   "  ".        ""   "" .

          :
-     : -1.
-     : -4.
-    32     : -1-2-6.
-    32     : -3-4-5.
-        : -1-2-3.
-       : -4-5-6.

 16.3.1.2   
 
    " "         " ".    " "    "-l ( 1-2-3)"   ""  " "         "".

       ߡ  "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"       F2       ""  ""  "".

16.3.2    
  
              .               .       "  "  ɡ       .

 16.3.2.1   
 
"  "              .    "  "    " -q ( 1-2-3-4-5)       F2       " "  ""   "  ".
      "  "     3 :
1)  :    .
2) :   .
3) :   .
 
         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").
 
       "  ".
 1)  :           .
 2) :             .
 3) :       ""               "  ".
 
       :
 
 1)  " -q (1-2-3-4-5)"            .
 2)            "".
 3)          .
 
                 " "         .
            "".

 16.3.2.2    
 
   "  "              .                  .

         :

1)            .
2)  "-d (1-4-5)"   ""  "  "       " "    F2.
3)   "   xxx     ". "xxx"       .     ""       .

             ""    ""   F4  "-e ( 1-5)"             .

 16.3.2.3   
 
"  "         "  "             .    ""            .                .

    :
1)           .
2)  " -b ( 1-2)"  ""  " "     " "  .
3)   "XXX "   "XXX"            ""      .

            ""  ""    ""     "F4"  "-e ( 1-5)".            .

 16.3.2.4   
 
            .             .
      "  "  " -m ( 1-3-4)"      ""   "  "       " "  .

      "  "  3  .

1)  :   .
2)  :   .
3) :   .

                 "  ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :          .
2)  :         .
3) :                  .

         "  "  :

1)  " -m ( 1-3-4)"    .       .
2)          "-4"  "-1"  "".
3)     .

 16.3.2.5   
 
    "  "             .    "  "          "-1"  "-4"   "-I (2-4)".           " "   ""   "  ".

      "  "  2   .

1)   :    .
2) :   .

        "  "  .         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)   :       .      "-1"  "-4".
 "  "   :
1)  :          " ".
2)  :      .
3)  :           ""  "".
4)  :       /   ""  "".
5)  :            ""  "".
6)   :         ""  "".
7) :        "   "              .

 16.3.2.6   
 
                           .                     ()             "   ". "   "          .

      "   "  "-p ( 1-2-3-4)"   ""  "   "       " ".

      "   "  4  .
1)  :   .
2) :   .
3) :   .
4) :   .

    "   ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :           .
2) :           .
3) :           . 
4) :        "  "       .

         "  "    "   
".
1)  "-p ( 1-2-3-4)".          .
2)           "-1"  "-4".
3)    ""   "" (F3  "-4-5")    "".         .
4)    ""  "" (F3  "-4-5")  "".         .

16.3.3    
 
   "  "            .          .        .

           "-s ( 2-3-4)"           "-1"  "-4"  "".          ""  ""   " "   "".

  :
1) :    .
2) :    .

          .         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

:          .
:             .    : " :  ".

         "".
-    : "-1".
-    : "-4".
-    : "-1-2-3".
-    : "-4-5-6".
     "  "     "-t ( 2-3-4-5)".           ""  ""  "  ".        "  "    ""   "" .       "" .

      2               :
-     : "-2-3".
-     : "-5-6".

               ""  "   "  "   ".      ""    .
       "-t ( 2-3-4-5)"   "  "            .   ""   "   "      "".

       ɡ  "-z ( 1-3-5-6)" "-e ( 1-5)".          ""   ""      "".

16.3.4    
 
                        .        ء       .          .

     :

(1)            "-1"  "-4"  "-h ( 1-2-5)".     ""  "  "       ""   .
(2)       ""       .                .

                 .        "-h ( 1-2-5)"          .
       ""  "" (-e ( 1-5)  "F4"     ""                  .

            :
(1)       "  XXX   ". "XX"       .
(2)     ""     ɡ             ""   ""      "".       "  ".          .
?
16.3.5  / 
 
           .                  .

 16.3.5.1  
 
    " "                        ""   .

     .

(1)           "-1"  "-4"  ""   .     ""   " "      ""  ɡ      (-f ( 1-2-4)".    ɡ      ""  ""  " "     .
(1)           :

-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-        : .
-     :  .
(2)     ""     .             "".
-    : .
-  : -b ( 1-2).
-  : -a ( 1).
(3)     .           " "   .    ":    XX /ʡ  ".  "XX"    .
(4)         .             " / ".
(5)            /    ":   XX /ʡ  ".

                    "  / "  "-e ( 1-5)"   F4        "   "  ":    . XX  "                 ":     . XX  ".

 16.3.5.2  
 
    " "           .                    .

        :
(1)          "XXX   "         "   ".
(2)  "   "  ":    XX  ". XX     .
(3)       ""    .
         "  ".
(4)              ":  XX ݡ  ".

                 "   "  "-e ( 1-5)"   F4       "   " : ":    . XX  ".           "   " : ":     . XX  ".
 
16.3.6   
  
            " "  "/   " .        .

 16.3.6.1  
 
   " "           .
        "-s ( 2-3-4)"       ""   " "      ""  .
     " "   4  .

1)  :     .
2) :   .
3)  :    .

             " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :     .       .
2) :   .      .
3) :   ѡ       ɡ        .
4)  :       .

       :
-    :    (-1).
-    :     (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-        : .
-      :  .

     :
1)      "-s ( 2-3-4)".      .
2)        "".
3)             " /"     .

 16.3.6.2  
 
    " "                         / .  " "    "-m ( 1-3-4)       ""  " "      ""  .

     " "  5  :
1)  :   .
2)   :   .
3)   :   .
4)  :   .
5) :   .

             " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :          .      "-1"  "-4"  ""       .
2)   :        / .       / .
3)   :        ""           .
4)  :            .
5) :          "  "   "  ".

 16.3.6.3 

    ""         ""  .        .

     ""  "-f ( 1-2-4)      ""  ""       ""  .

  ""  4  :
1)  :    .
2)  :  .
3) : .
4) : .

          ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")        "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :          .
2)  :         ""  ""   .    ""          .    ""          .              .
3)  :         "".
4) :           ""           ".

            .

1)  "-f ( 1-2-4)".     " ".
2)   ݡ    "".
3)     ""          " ".

         "" (F3  "-4-5")      " ".           ɡ     "".

 16.3.6.4     

   "   "     "  "     CSV.
      "   "  " -x ( 1-3-4-6)"  "  "     ""   "   "      ""  .

    "   "  4  .
1)  :     .
2) :   .
3) :   .
4)  :   .

              "   ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").
1)  :                 .
2) :        "   ".
3) :          "   "   "  "       .
4)  :          "  ".

          .

-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-        : .
-      :  .

          :
(1)  " -x ( 1-3-4-6)    .
(2)        "".
(3)                " /"     .

16.3.6.5     

   "   "          "  ".
      "   "  " -I ( 2-4)"  "  "   ""   "   "      ""  .

 "   "  4  .
1)  :     .
2) :   .
3) :   .
4)  :   .

              "   ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :              .
2) :        "   ".
3) :          "   "   "  "       
4)  :              ( CSV).

          .

-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-        : .
-      :  .

          .

1)  " -i ( 2-4)"    .
2)       "-" ("-F3"  "  1-2).
3)   "   "  "".
4)             .

16.3.7   
?
             " "   " " "  ".
                . 

 16.3.7.1  
 
                  
.
      " "  " -u ( 1-3-6)"       ""  " "      ""  .

      " "  3  :
1) :   .
2) :   .
3) :   .

               " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1) :   .    6 ʡ     ̡ ϡ  ̡ ɡ    "-1"  "-4".
2) :        .
3) :         "  "       .

 16.3.7.2  

     " "        ҡ     .
      " "  " -a ( 1)"       ""   " "      ""  .

     " "   5  .

1)  :   .
2)   :    .
3)  :    .
4) :   .
5) :   .

               " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")     "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)  :         .  -1  -4   .
-    :            .      ""  "   ".     ""         .     "   "      .         ""  " ".
-   :          .     3 : "" ""  "".     ""          ""  ֡    ""         .     ""      .         ""  " ".
-   :                    ߡ    "  "  " "     "  "          ߡ      " "        .          ""  " ".
-   :          .    3 : "" ""  "".    ""           ""  "".     ""         ""      .        ""  " ".
-    :        .     3 : "" "" "".    ""           ""  "".     ""           ""        .        ""  " ".
-      :                 .     ""  "".    ""          .    ""           . .        ""  " ".
)   :                .
)   ""    :                   "".    .
) :        .
) :         "  "        .

 16.3.7.3  

      " "                  .    " "  " -o ( 1-3-5)"        ""   " "      ""  .

      " "  3  .
1)  :   .
2) :   .
3) :   .

               " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1-  :     .      "-1"  "-4".
-    :               .      ""  "".    ""       .    ""        .     ""           .          ""  " ".

-       :        ɡ  ɡ     /       .     ""  "".     ""            .     ""            .
-   :          .      ""  "".     ""          ߡ      ""       .
- :      .
- :       "  "        .

 16.3.7.4  
?
     " "          .    " "  " -p ( 1-2-3-4)"   ""  " "      ""  .

      " "  5  .

1)   :   .
2)    :   .
3)    :   .
4) :   .
5) :   .

               " ".         "" (F3  "-4-5")       "-" ("-F3"  "-1-2").

1)   :        .      ""  ѡ     " ".          ""     .

-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-        : .
-      :  .
2)    :         .     ""  ѡ     " ".           ""    .
3)   :         .     ""       " ".              ""    .
4) :      .
5) :       "  "        .

16.3.8      

   (F)
  (L): -l ( 1-2-3)
    (X):  -x ( 1-3-4-6)
    (I):  -I ( 2-4)
 (Z): -z ( 1-3-5-6)

   (A)
  (S): -s ( 2-3-4)
  : -h ( 1-2-5)
  (F): -f ( 1-2-4)
    (R): -t ( 2-3-4-5)
  (M): -m ( 1-3-4)

    (B)
   (Q):  -q ( 1-2-3-4-5)
   (D): -d ( 1-4-5)
   (B):  -b ( 1-2)
  :  -m ( 1-3-4)
   (I): -I ( 2-4)
    (P): -p ( 1-2-3-4)

   (S)
  (U):  -u ( 1-3-6)
  (A):  -a ( 1)
  (O):  -o ( 1-3-5)
  (P):  -p ( 1-2-3-4)

  

   (F)
  (s): -s ( 2-3-4)
  (Z): -z ( (1-3-5-6)

   (E)
 (X): -x ( 1-3-4-6)
 (C): -c ( 1-4)
 (D): -d ( 1-4-5)
 (V): -v ( 1-2-3-6)
  (B): -b ( 1-2)
  (A): -a ( 1)
 (F): -f ( 1-2-4)
   (G):  -f ( 1-2-4)

   (A)
  (S): -s ( 2-3-4)
  : -h ( 1-2-5)
  : -e ( 1-5
  (F): -f ( 1-2-4)
    (R): -t ( 2-3-4-5)
  (M): -m ( 1-3-4)
    (P): -p ( 1-2-3-4)
    (N): -n ( 1-3-4-5)

    
   : -1
   : -4
  32    : -1-2-6
  32    : -3-4-5
     : -1-2-3
     : -4-5-6

16.4     

                    .                      .                 .                   .

        " "    "n ( 1-3-4-5)".     "-1"  "-4"   "   "    .

16.4.1       

                    ɡ          .

1.            "  ".               .          .
2.  " (-4-5)"      " ".              .         .
3.  " (-4-5)"     "".         .       "".               .
4.  " (-4-5)"     "  ".         .       "".                      "****".         "".             "  ".
5.  " (-4-5)"     "  ".  "   ".             ""   .
6.  " (-4-5)"    "".   ""        .         .       " (-4-5)"      ""    "".   "".      "-z ( 1-3-5-6)".     .

             ""  "  "        ""      " "       .                          " .    "      .

16.4.2     

                .                 .        "-4"  "-1" .          .         "( )"   xx/yy"      " ѡ   xx/yy".   "yy"         "xx"           .     ""    "n|n"  " "    "f|n".       ""  " ".     ""    ""    "" .                .

             .

1.    : -1    
2.    : -4    
3.        : -5-6
             .           "-l ( 1-2-3)".    "  : "    ""                 "-e ( 1-5)".

         ""  ""   .     "-z ( 1-3-5-6)".

16.4.1   

                        "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .   ""  "".  ""    "  ".         ""  "-s ( 2-3-4)"    .     " "        .

16.4.2  ɡ ݡ     

         .

1.  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"  .   " "   "-4"    "".  ""  "  ".      "-a ( 1)"    .
2.     "  "      "  ".            .
3.  " (-4-5)"    ""  "".            .         " (-4-5)"    ""  "".

                        .          .

       :

1.          "-1"  "-4" .
2.  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  "-4"   " "  "".   "  "   "-4"  "".          "-d ( 1-4-5)".
3.     "  "            "  ".               .
4.  " (-4-5)"    ""  "".         .      " (-4-5"       ""    "".   "".

               .

         .

1.            "-4"  "-1".
2.  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  "-4"   " "  "".   "  "   "-4"   "".          "-v ( 1-2-3-6)".
3.       "  ".     " ".  " (-4-5)"       .  " (-4-5)"     .
4.         " (-4-5)"    ""  "".     "-e ( 1-5)".            .

16.4.3    ѡ   

         .

1.  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"  .  "-4"    ""  "".  ""  " ".          "-p ( 1-2-3-4)".
2.     "  "       " "      .    ɡ     .
3.  " (-4-5)"    ""  "".             .

            ""   :

1.  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  ""  "".    ""   "-4"     "".          "-m ( 1-3-4)".
2.       .  " (-4-5)"        " (-4-5)"     "" .
3.         " (-4-5)"    ""     "".      "-e ( 1-5)"            .

       :

1.  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"  .  ""  "".   " "   "-4"  "".          "-t ( 2-3-4-5)".
2.             "".         "-4"  "-1".
3.  " (-4-5)"    ""  "".             .

16.4.4   

1.  
                   .  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  ""  "".  "-4"    " "  "".              .       "  "  " "                .    ѡ              .

2.  
     ""  "  "         ϡ          ̡    " "   .              .  " "     "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  "-4"    ""  "".  "-4"   " "  ""  " ȿ ".     ""         .

3.    

         ʡ          .    " "    " "                  .

 " "      "-m ( 1-3-4)"    ""   "".  "-4"   " "  "".    "-r ( 1-2-3-5)"   .

 " "    "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  "-4"    ""  "".  "-4"   " "  "".     " -r ( 1-2-3-5)"   .   " "    " ".          "-1"  "-4" .     ""             

4.    
               "   "           .                   .       :
1)  "-m ) 1-3-4)  .
2)  "-4"   ""  "".
3)  "-4"   "   "  "".     "-k ( 1-3)"   "   " .    "   " ".
4)     ""             .
     "-4"     ""              .

5.     
                   .      .
1)  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .
2)  "-4"   ""  "".
3)  "-4"   "    "  "".     " -s ( 2-3-4)"   "    " .    "     : ".
4)     ""           .
5)      "-4"     ""          .                          "    "        .

6.         
                   .        .
1)  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .
2)  "-4"   ""  "".
3)  "-4"   "         "  "".     " -m ( 1-3-4)"   "        "    "         : ".
4)     ""           .
        "-4"     ""                  .

16.4.3     

       ""             .        "  "   ""  ""  "".  "  "              .    ""        .        " (-4-5)"  "- (-1-2)".             ""    .                "  ".     ""   ϡ   ""  ɡ      ""   ""  .        "  "   " "                .     .                     .            ""    .       "  "                "  ".

                   "-1-2-6" ( F1-F2)  "-3-4-5" ( F3-F4).             .             .                  "-1-2-6"    ""            .

           ""   ""      "-e ( 1-5)"            .

16.4.1      

            .               .       :  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .   ""   "-4"   "".  ""  "  ".          "-i ( 2-4)"     .  "-1"  "-4"         ""        ա         .               .

16.4.2   

            " ".      "-m ( 1-3-4)  .  ""  "".   " "  "".          "-s ( 2-3-4)"           " ".             " "         .

           "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .   ""  "".   ""   "-4"   "".          "-p ( 1-2-3-4)"    "".        ""    .         .

16.4.3    

    Ρ       " "    ""      .     " "       ޡ ա    .               "-b ( 1-2)"            "-c ( 1-4)" "   "-x ( 1-3-4-6)" .               (  ""       )  "-v ( 1-2-3-6)"  .     "-a ( 1)"          .       "".

16.4.4    

          " "          .    ""             "  ".  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  .  "-4"    ""  "".  "-4"    ""  "".          "-f ( 1-2-4)".     ""       " ".           ˡ    "".         .            "-f ( 1-2-4)".          "   "          "" .

16.5     

16.5.1  

-  : -g ( 1-2-4-5).
-  : -I ( 2-4).
-    : -s ( 2-3-4).
-   : -h ( 1-2-5).
-   : -f ( 1-2-4).
-   : -u ( 1-3-6).
-    :  -u ( 1-3-6).
-   : -m ( 1-3-4).
-    :  -b ( 1-2).
-   :  -t ( 2-3-4-5).
-    :  -o ( 1-3-5).
- : -t ( 2-3-4-5).
-  : -d ( 1-4-5).
-  : -e ( 1-5).
- : -y ( 1-3-4-5-6).
-   : -v ( 1-2-3-6).
-  : -l ( 1-2-3).
-   : -s ( 2-3-4).
-   :  -m ( 1-3-4).
-   :  -r ( 1-2-3-5).
-  :  -a ( 1).
- :  -l ( 1-2-3).
- :  -e ( 1-5).
-  : -f ( 1-2-4).
-  :  -f ( 1-2-4).
-     :  -w ( 2-4-5-6).
-  : -n ( 1-3-4-5).
- : -r ( 1-2-3-5).
- : -z ( 1-3-5-6).

-    : -4.
-    : -1.
-       : -1-2-3.
-       : -4-5-6.
-    32 : -1-2-6.
-    32 : -3-4-5.
-    :    (-1).
-    :    (-4).
-    :  -  (-1-2-3)/  (-1-3).
-    :  -  (-4-5-6)/  (-4-6).
-            : .
-      :  .

16.5.2   

   (F)
  (L): -l ( 1-2-3)
    (X):  -x ( 1-3-4-6)
    (I):  -I ( 2-4)
 (Z): -z ( 1-3-5-6)

   (A)
  (S): -s ( 2-3-4)
  : -h ( 1-2-5)
  (F): -f ( 1-2-4)
    (R): -t ( 2-3-4-5)
  (M): -m ( 1-3-4)

    (B)
   (Q):  -q ( 1-2-3-4-5)
   (D): -d ( 1-4-5)
   (B):  -b ( 1-2)
  :  -m ( 1-3-4)
   (I): -I ( 2-4)
    (P): -p ( 1-2-3-4)

   (S)
  (U):  -u ( 1-3-6)
  (A):  -a ( 1)
  (O):  -o ( 1-3-5)
  (P):  -p ( 1-2-3-4)

  

   (F)
  (s): -s ( 2-3-4)
  (Z): -z ( (1-3-5-6)

   (E)
 (X): -x ( 1-3-4-6)
 (C): -c ( 1-4)
 (D): -d ( 1-4-5)
 (V): -v ( 1-2-3-6)
  (B): -b ( 1-2)
  (A): -a ( 1)
 (F): -f ( 1-2-4)
   (G):  -f ( 1-2-4)

   (A)
  (S): -s ( 2-3-4)
  : -h ( 1-2-5)
  : -e ( 1-5)
  (F): -f ( 1-2-4)
    (R): -t ( 2-3-4-5)
  (M): -m ( 1-3-4)
   : -2-3)
   : -5-6)

    
   : -1
   : -4
  32    : -1-2-6
  32    : -3-4-5
     : -1-2-3
     : -4-5-6

16.5.3     

1)    
    :  (-4-5  F3)
    : - (-1-2 -F3)
     : 

2)    
   : -1    
   : -4    
         : -5-6
 : -m ( 1-3-4)  F2
 : -n ( 1-3-4-5)
 : -r ( 1-2-3-5)
: -m ( 1-3-4)
: -z ( 1-3-5-6)
  : -a ( 1)
  : -d ( 1-4-5)
  : -v ( 1-2-3-6)
  : -s ( 2-3-4)
 :  -r ( 1-2-3-5)
   : -k ( 1-3)
    :  -s ( 2-3-4)
        :  -m ( 1-3-4)
 : -p ( -1-2-3-4)
 : -o ( 1-3-5)
  : -l ( 1-2-3)

3)    
    :  (-4-5  F3)
    : - (-1-2  -F3)
          : -1-2  -3-4-5 F1-F2  F3-F4
 : -s ( 2-3-4)
: -p ( 1-2-3-4)
: -e ( 1-5)
: -x ( 1-3-4-6)
: -c ( 1-4)
: -d ( 1-4-5)
: -v ( 1-2-3-6)
 : -a ( 1)
 : -b ( 1-2)
: -f ( 1-2-4)
  : -f ( 1-2-4)
: -i ( 2-4)


