 12  



12.   
12.1    
12.2  
12.2.1   
12.2.2   
12.2.3  - 
12.2.4  
12.3 
12.3.1    
12.3.2    
12.3.3    
12.3.4    
12.3.5     
12.3.6     
12.4  
12.4.1    
12.4.2    
12.4.3    
12.4.4     
12.4.5    
12.5 
12.5.1    
12.5.2    
12.5.3    
12.5.4    
12.5.5    
12.6    

12.   

                 
 .     (   ).     
             .  
     3.0     .

       :
1)     ""  " "   "".
2)       "d ( 1-4-5)"     .
3)            (     
         ).
4)        "-1"  "-4".     
       ""   .
5)                 
   .
6)          "" .
7)      ""   .

                    
""    ".        ""  .  
               
   .             
   .  ""       ""  
 .               . 
      ""          
  "-1"  "-4".           
          .     "-
z ( 1-3-5-6)"            ""  
""  ""  " ".        "-z ( 
1-3-5-6)                
 ""  ""   ""   " ".

           "-M ( 1-3-4)"  
"F2"      .    "" "" " 
"  "".         "-1"  
"-4"  ""      .

                
.        ء        
      2.11 (  )         
.              
  ""   .          
 ""      .        
    .

12.1    

          " " "" ""  " 
".          " ("F3"  "-4-
5")"  "- ("-F3"  "-1-2")".        
""                
   .   ""  ɡ  ɡ  
  .       "-1"  "-4".  
  ""  " "  ""        
.                 
  "".

12.2  

       ""     ϡ     
   .    ""   "-m ( 1-3-4)" 
 "F2"    ""  "".     "f ( 1-2-4)".  
 ""   : " " " " "-"  "". 
      "-1"  "-4".       
"".

12.2.1   

          " ".      "-m 
( 1-3-4)    " ("-4-5")   " ".  
    "-o ( 1-3-5)"     "-m 
( 1-3-4)".
     " "           . 
                11.

       " "        ""   
     .        ""  
          .
    ""     ""    " ".     
"" "" ""  ""    " " "" "-1"  
"-4"    " ".
            ""  ""    
 " ".         "".    
  ""         .     
 ""           " ".
               " ".

12.2.2   

    " "      .     
 :
1)  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"  .
2)   " "    "".  "".   "s 
( 2-3-4)" .
3)      " "   "-s ( 2-3-4)".

    " ".
  :
1.    (   :  +).
2.  
  1)  
  2)   
  3)    
3.  ""
4.  ""

            " (-4-5)"  "- 
(-1-2)".     " " " "  "  
"  "   "  "-1"  "-4".

      "-e ( 1-5)  "-z ( 1-3-5-6)".

12.2.2.1    

       +.        
+.    "".      
+.   ""      +.
       "-1" "-4".      "".  
 " (-4-5)"    "" "".
              "-t ( 2-
3-4-5)".

12.2.2.2   

          ""   " ". 
     ""  .
      " "      .

1.  :  3-4-5
2.  :  1-2-6
3.   : -  
4.   : -  

12.2.2.3     

          NIMAS .    "". 
   ""  " ".

       ""         
 NIMAS .

     NIMAS    "" "" "" "  
" "".          : ""  
"img". "desc"   ""  "  ". "cap"  "". "tdt"  
"".

12.2.3  - 

    "-"        .  
"-M ( 1-3-4)"  ""  "".  "-4"    
 "-"  ""  "-".     "-
"   "-i ( 2-4)".  "-"     
"-"    .         
"  "      "  "  "". 
        " (-4-5)"  "- 
(-1-2)".      " " " " " " 
" " " "  " ".      
"  "  "  ".       "-
1"  "-4".       ""  ""    
.

12.2.4  

         "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"  "" 
 "".  "-4"     ""  ""  
"".     "-z ( 1-3-5-6)"    "". 
     "   .   Ͽ   "" 
  ""            "" 
  ""     "".

12.3 

       ""            
   .     ""  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  
 "d ( 1-4-5)".       "/ " " 
" " " " " " " "  " " 
" " " "  " "  ".     
  "-1"  "-4".           
"".

12.3.1    

        "/ "   "-m ( 1-3-4)"  
"F2"    ""  "".   "-4"   "/ 
"   "".     "/ "    
  "".          "-1-2-3" 
 "-1-3".        "-4-5-6"  "-4-6".

12.3.2    

            "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2" 
    ""  "".   "-4"   " "  
" "  "".     ɡ ɡ  ɡ  
ɡ      " 6" " 3" " 4"  " 1"  
.
                  
 ""   ""   .         
""  ""         .

12.3.3    

            "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2" 
  ""  "".   "-4"   " " " 
"  "  "  "".         
    "-3-4-5"  "-1-2-6"     . 
          "-g ( 1-2-4-5)".   
  "  "        "   " 
        .  ""      
 .

12.3.4    

            "-m ( 1-3-4)  "F2"  
  ""  "".   "-4"   " "  " 
"  "".            
" 1"  " 5".      " 5-6)"  " 2-3".  
      3      1     
   1      1 .

12.3.5     

       .
1.          .
2.     ( +)     .

       "5 " "10 " "30 " "1 " "3 " "5 " 
"10 " "15 " "20 " "30 "  "1 ".

         :
1)  " 1-2".      " 1-2"       
 5 10  30 ɺ   30 .
2)     .

         :
1)  " 4-5".      " 1-2"       
 5 10  30 ɺ   30 .
2)     .

         .
1.   :  " 2-3-6".    "5 "    
  5 .
2.   :  " 3-5-6".    "5 "    
  5 .

12.3.6     

       .
1.          .
2.     ( +)     .

       "" "" ""  "".

         :
1)  " 1-2".      " 1-2"       
 "" "" ""  "".
2)     .

         :
1)  " 4-5".      " 4-5"       
 "" "" "" "".
2)     .

             :
1.   :  " 2-3-6".    ""    
 .
2.   :  " 3-5-6".    ""    
 .

12.4  

       " "         
      .    " "   
"-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"     "m ( 1-3-4)".
       " "    : "  " 
"  " "  " "   "  "  
".        "-1"  "-4".

12.4.1    

    "  "           
.                 
   "  ".        
""  " "     "  "   
"-4"     "".      "p ( 1-2-3-4)"  
"  ".   ""  "  ".    
      "-3"     .

12.4.2    

    "  "           
.                
 "  ".        ""  
" "     "  "   "-4" 
  "".      "n ( 1-3-4-5)"  "  
".   ""  "  ".      
    "-6"    .

12.4.3    

               .    
    "  ".       
  "-m ( 1-3-4)".        "-m 
( 1-3-4)"  "F2".    ""  " ".  "-4" 
  "  "     "".    "m ( 1-3-
4)"     " ".   " "   
"   :."           1 - 
1000.
 
12.4.4     

               "-
6"  "-3"  / .         
   "--j ( 2-4-5)".        
   "-m ( 1-3-4)"    "F2".     
"-4"   " "   "".     "j 
( 2-4-5)"     " ".     "  
 "      "    :."   
      .            
   .

12.4.5    

         "  "   "-d ( 
1-4-5)".        "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2".  
 "-4"   "  "  "".    
     "    "."      
        .       
             "".

 12.5 

       ""           
        .    ""   
"-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"     "h ( 1-3-5)".    
 : " " " " " " " " " 
" " " "  "  "  ".      
    "-1"  "-4".

12.5.1    

               "".  
    ޡ     "-5" "-2" "-2-
3"  "-5-6"  .

                  
   .             
      .          
  ""  ""      .      
  .

12.5.2    

             .

         :
1)  "-h ( 1-2-5)"    .
2)  " : xx  : yy.     :".
3)        .
4)  "".
5)         .

12.5.3    

                "  
"   "  "   "-f ( 1-2-4)".   
          " :"   
" :"  ""  "".        " 
(- 4-5)"  "- (- 1-2)".
      " :"        .   
  ""  ""   " "    "".

12.5.4    

           (  )     
 .         " "  " " 
  "".

       (  "-m ( 1-3-4)"   "h ( 1-2-
5")")      (   )   "--w 
( 2-4-5-6)".            . 
  "-n ( 1-3-4-5)"          
.     " "         
 .            ""  
"" .            . 
       "-e ( 1-5)"  "-z ( 1-3-5-
6)".         .

12.5.5    

                   
.

        :
1)  "-m ( 1-3-4)"  "F2"  .
2)  "".
3)  "-4"   "".
4)  ""  "".   "h ( 1-2-5)".
5)  " ".
6)  "-4"   "  ".
7)  ""  "  ".   "s ( 2-3-4)".

             "-s ( 2-3-4)".

     :  "  "    ".  "   
 "  .
1.  .
2.  .
3. .
4. .

           " (-4-5)"  "- 
(-1-2)".

        :
1)          " ".     
 .
              "     
".
2)  " (-4-5)"   " ".     "". 
        ""  "".     
"".
- :         .
- :         .
3)    " "  "".   " (-4-5)"   
"".  ""  "".
4)       .

      "  "  ""  "".   "-z ( 1-
3-5-6)".

12.6    


/ : 
   " -1-3  -1-2-3
   : -4-6  -4-5-6
 :  3-4-5
 :  1-2-6
   : -  
   : -  

  
   "  6      ""
   :  3      ""
    :  4
    :  1

  
   : -3-4-5
   : -1-2-6
  : -g ( 1-2-4-5)

  
 :  2
 :  5
  :  2-3
  :  5-6

  
   : -5      ""
   : -2      ""
   : -5-6
   : -2-3
    : -w ( 2-4-5-6)
       : -n ( 1-3-4-5)
   : -h ( 1-2-5)
  : -s ( 2-3-4)


  : -f ( 1-2-4)
  : -f ( 1-2-4)
 : -n ( 1-3-4-5)
 : -w ( 2-4-5-6)

  
     : -m ( 1-3-4)
    : -6
    : -3
  : -d ( 1-4-5)

  
   : -1-2-5-6
  : -o ( 1-3-5)
 : -s ( 2-3-4)
    : -t ( 2-3-4-5)
  : -i ( 2-4)


